Protocol

                                                              PROTOCOL
Protocols are the way which use to perform the communication between two devices. Protocol are responsible for end to end communication.A protocol is set of rule or instruction because it define the rule and regulation of communication.Protocol is a small piece of software.A device use number of protocol to perform the communication with other device. Protocol are divided into five categories and categories define  the function of protocol
                                        PROTOCOL CATEGORIES
 1:- COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL (tcp/ip , udp/ip , spx/ipx)
   
 2:- ROUTING PROTOCOL - routing protocol are divided into two part
  • IGP (rip , igrp , eigrp , ospf , is-is )
  • EGP (bgp )
 3:- ROUTED PROTOCOL (ip , ipx , at )
 4:- TRANSPORT PROTOCOL (tcp , udp , spx )
 5:- APPLICATION PROTOCOL (http , ftp , tftp , dhcp , smtp , pop , dns , telnet , ssh )


  1. COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL
Communication protocol are the mixture of two categories (routed + transport) and it is divided into two part:

    1. ROUTABLE PROTOCOL :- routable protocol perform the function in lan + wan
    Eg. tcp/ip , udp/ip
    2. NON ROUTABLE PROTOCOL :- It perform the function with in lan and it is outdated
   Eg. spx/ipx
 2. ROUTING PROTOCOL
Routing protocol are use to perform the communication between two different network.

Function of routing protocol:- Routing protocol are basically used to define the path to reach the destination
3. ROUTED PROTOCOL
Routed protocol are use to define the source and destination
4. TRANSPORT PROTOCOL
Transport protocol are use to carry the routed protocol information
5. APPLICATION PROTOCOL
Application protocol are called services and it perform the function on application layer of osi model.Application protocol are manually enable by admin.Application protocol are use increase the reliability and performance of the network


Protocol use the concept of port number it mean protocol is identify through port number and each protocol has unique port number
                         PROTOCOL                    PORT NUMBER
                             ICMP                                     1
                             TCP                                       6
                             UDP                                      17
                             FTP                                     20/21
                             SSH                                       22
                             TELNET                                23
                             SMTP                                    25
                             RDP                                       27
                             TIME                                      37
                             DNS                                       53
                             DHCP                                  67/68
                             TFTP                                     69
                             HTTP                                     80
                             POP                                      110



WHAT IS PORT
It is 16-bit logical number and limit of port number is 65536.port is divided into two part:
1. well-known port (open standard port) limit- 0 - 1014
2. Unknown port limit- 1015 - 65535

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